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Result Decisive victory • Capture of Grozny by • Fall of the Belligerents • Commanders and leaders Valentin Astaviyev Beslan Gantamirov Aslambek Ismailov Lecha Dudayev Strength About 50,000 Russian soldiers About 2,000 pro-Russian Chechen militiamen Russian estimates of 3,000 –6,000 Casualties and losses Federal forces: officially 368 killed and 1,469 wounded Chechen militia: over 700 total casualties Russian claim of more than 6,500 killed Thousands of civilian casualties (Figures never compiled). Contents • • • • • • • • • • Prelude [ ] On October 15, 1999, after mounting an intense tank and artillery against Chechen separatists, Russian forces took control of a strategic ridge within artillery range of Grozny. They then made several abortive attempts to seize positions on the outskirts of the city. On December 4, the commander of Russian forces in the North Caucasus, General, claimed that Grozny was fully by Russian troops. General, chief of the, even predicted the rebels would abandon the Chechen capital on their own, urged to withdraw by civilians fearing widespread destruction. Supported by a powerful, the Russian force vastly outnumbered and out-gunned the Chechen, who numbered around 3,000 to 6,000 fighters, and was considerably larger and much better prepared than the force sent to take the Chechen capital in the. In addition, the tactics of both sides in this second campaign were drastically different.

Tactics [ ] The Russian strategy in 1999 was to hold back tanks and and subject the entrenched Chechens to an intensive heavy and before engaging them with relatively small groups of, many with prior training in. The Russian forces relied heavily on such as,,, (, ),. (The, a with, played a particularly prominent role in the assault). These weapons wore down the Chechens, both physically and psychologically, and were also used to attack fighters hiding in basements; such attacks were designed for maximum psychological pressure. They would also demonstrate the hopelessness of further resistance against a foe that could strike with impunity and that was invulnerable to countermeasures. In November, appointed, former mayor of Grozny, as head of the pro-Moscow. Prezentaciya znachenie zhivotnih v prirode i zhizni cheloveka 5 klass. Gantamirov had just been by and released from a 6-year prison sentence which he had been serving for federal funds which had been earmarked for the rebuilding of Chechnya in 1995 and 1996.

He was chosen to lead a pro-Russian Chechen militia force in the upcoming battle. Interior Minister however refused to supply the militia with heavy weapons, limiting their combat arsenal to 'obsolete ' and accused Gantamirov of accepting anyone who would volunteer, including rebel fighters. The militia, often used to spearhead the federal forces, suffered heavy casualties, losing more than 700 men in the battle. The Russians met fierce resistance from Chechen rebel fighters intimately familiar with their capital city.